Blood Related Disorders - When The Level Of Blood Components Increase Or Decrease

Namaste, welcome to our blog Dr. Health Factory, the blog aims to share basic knowledge about facts related to human beings to all the viewers irrespective of their profession, age, and gender. 

In this article, we will share detailed information on blood-related disorders when the level of blood components increases or decrease. And if you are interested in more articles, then make sure to comment with us below.

Blood:

As you all know that the blood in the human body is a specialized fluid connective tissue.

But blood and its components have a minimum and maximum range that increase and decreases the components results in unwanted conditions in the body like anemia, hypervolemia, polycythemia, leukocytosis, etc.

Blood Plasma Disorders: 

(Average range of blood plasma is 2.8-3.2 liters per liter of blood)

1. Hypervolemia:

• The increased volume of plasma in the blood is called hypervolemia. 

• It occurs when plasma levels increase more than 3.2 liters per liter of blood.

Causes: Cirrhosis (liver damage)- due to excess alcohol consumption or hepatitis, kidney failure, heart failure- specifically failure of the right ventricle, etc.

Results: fluid or water retention in the abdomen, fatigue, swelling of face, wrist, shortness of breath, weight gain, cramping, headache, etc.

Treatment: water pills (diuretics), low salt diet, etc.

2. Hypovolemia:

• A decrease in the volume of plasma in the blood is called hypovolemia.

• It occurs when plasma levels decrease less than 2.8 liters per liter of blood 

Causes: vomiting, excess bleeding, less reaching of oxygen to blood, diarrhea, etc.

Results: Chest and abdominal pain, thirsty sensations, coronary ischemia, muscle cramps, weakness, excess sweating, etc.

Treatment: drinking ORS, a solution containing water and salt, etc.

Red Blood Cells:

(Average range of RBCs in human blood is 4.7-6.1 million cells per cubic mm of blood)

1. Polycythemia:

• An increased volume of RBCs count in the blood results is called polycythemia.

• It occurs when the RBC count increases more than 6.5 million cells per cubic mm of blood.

Causes: Certain tumors, abnormality in RBC production, sleep apnea, hypoxia, etc.

Results: Thickening of blood, stroke or heart attack, cancer of bone marrow (polycythemia vera), etc.

Treatment: Medication to decrease the red blood cells and destroying cancerous cells, low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), etc.

2. Anemia:

• A decrease in the RBCs count is called anemia.

• It occurs when the RBC count decreases by less than 4 million cells per cubic mm of blood.

Causes: chronic kidney disorder, deficiency of erythropoietin, leukemia, excessive internal or external bleeding, hemolysis, bone marrow failure, etc.

Results: Headache, fatigue, skin looks pale or straw yellow, pains in joints, chest, bones, dizziness, unusual heartbeats, etc.

Treatment: a diet rich in iron and protein, transfusion of RBCs, consuming more foods containing beans, legumes, egg yolk, dry fruits, etc.

White Blood Cells:

(Average range of WBCs count in the blood is 4,300-11,000 cells per cubic mm of blood).

1. Leukocytosis: 

• An increase in the WBCs count in the blood is called leukocytosis.

• It occurs when the WBCs count increases more than 11,000 cells per cubic mm of blood.

Causes: Exercise mental or physical stress, bacterial or viral infection, burns, immune system disorders, inflammation, thyroid problems, etc.

Results: shortness of breath and breathing-related problems, bleeding from the intestines, nose, mouth, stomach, vision problems, heart problems, sickness, etc.

Treatment: consuming more vitamin c contain diet, do not consume food rich in salt, fat, and sugar, antioxidants supply, etc.

2. Leukopenia:

• A decrease in the WBCs count in the blood is called leukopenia.

• It occurs when the WBCs count decreases by less than 4,000 cells per cubic mm of blood.

Causes: Autoimmune disorders, immune system disorders, cancer, infections (HIV and Tb), malnutrition, bone marrow damage or disorders, etc.

Results: Body aches, sores, sore throat, breathing difficulties, cough, fever, profusely sweating, etc.

Treatment: consuming citrus fruits, food rich in protein (poultry and meat), zinc supply as it helps in increasing the production of WBCs and T-cells, etc.

Blood Platelets:

(Average range of platelets count in the blood is 1.5-4 lakh per cubic mm of blood).

1. Thrombocytosis:

• An increase in the platelet count in the body is called thrombocytosis.

• It is also called essential thrombocythemia.

• It occurs when the platelet count increases more than 4 lakh cells per cubic mm of blood.

Causes: Allergic conditions, hemorrhage, cancer of the lung, infections, cancer of the breast, lymphoma, gastrointestinal and ovarian cancer, asphyxia, etc.

Results: Bleeding, fatigue, body and chest pain, dizziness, numbness in feet and hands, aches, feeling of the light head, etc.

Treatment: Supplement of hydroxyurea or anagrelide, low-dose aspirin, etc.

2. Thrombocytopenia:

• A decrease in the platelet count in the blood is called thrombocytopenia.

• It occurs when the platelet count decreases less than 1.5 lakh per cubic mm of blood.

Causes: Aplastic anemia, toxic or radiation of chemicals, exposure to chemotherapy, liver damage (cirrhosis), iron deficiency, excessive alcohol consumption, deficiency of vitamin B-12, etc.

Results: Brown or black bowels, headache, dengue, blood in vomit, bleeding from gums and nose, unusual bruising, etc.

Treatment: Transfusion of platelets or RBCs, corticosteroid supplements, etc.

Thank you for spending your time and showing interest in reading our article, hope you follow, share, and comment on this article.

If you are interested, you can follow us on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter through the links provided on the home page, so that you can get immediate notification of our latest updates.